Anglická filologie státní zkouška – verbs: the category of voice (morfologie a syntax)
Anglická filologie státní zkouška – verbs: the category of voice (morfologie a syntax)
Verbs – the category of voice (active, medio-passive, passive, formal and functional characteristic of passives, restrictions in passivisation)
voice
1. active
2. passive
- both active + passive voice can be progressive or simple
- patient is obligatory X agent is facultative
formation
1. monotransitive verb
2. ditransitive verb – 2 possibilities in active voice: SVOO or SVO to O
3. prepositional object – e.g. deal with
4. adverbial particle – e.g. give up
function
1) deagentization = agent is omitted-> subject is
- a) general – e.g. it is believed
- b) author – e.g. as has been stated
- c) hidden
- d) none – e.g. the city is situated
2) rhematisation – focusing on agent by the means of an adjunct, but inanimate subjects do not need „by“ adjunct – e.g. sculpture interests her -> se is interested in sculpture
restrictions – objects can’t be reflexive/possessive/reciprocal pronouns, infinitives, gerunds, clauses
medio-passive
– the verb is active but patient is subject
1) general characteristic – e.g. the clothes wash easily
2) modal possibility – e.g. the lid shuts well (= the lid can be shut well)
3) individual characteristic – e.g. he counts among the best
see FSP in question no. 16
