Anglická filologie státní zkouška – verbs: the category of voice (morfologie a syntax)

Verbs – the category of voice (active, medio-passive, passive, formal and functional characteristic of passives, restrictions in passivisation)

Anglická filologie státní zkouška – verbs: the category of voice (morfologie a syntax)

voice
1. active
2. passive

• both active + passive voice can be progressive or simple
• patient is obligatory X agent is facultative

formation
1. monotransitive verb
2. ditransitive verb – 2 possibilities in active voice: SVOO or SVO to O
3. prepositional object – e.g. deal with
4. adverbial particle – e.g. give up

function
1) deagentization = agent is omitted-> subject is

• a) general – e.g. it is believed
• b) author – e.g. as has been stated
• c) hidden
• d) none – e.g. the city is situated

2) rhematisation – focusing on agent by the means of an adjunct, but inanimate subjects do not need „by“ adjunct – e.g. sculpture interests her -> se is interested in sculpture

Anglistika státnice – morfologie a syntax (Verbs – manifestation of tense and aspect in English and Czech)

Verbs – manifestation of tense and aspect in English and Czech (tense versus time, forms and function of simple tenses, regular and irregular verbs, progressive and perfect forms, restrictions in progressive forms with particular semantic classes, verbs of perception)

EN: tense, aspect, mood, voice
CZ: tense, aspect, mood, voice + gender, conjugation
-Manifested in flexion + auxiliary

Time = universal non-linguistic concept divided into past, present, future
Tense = the correspondence between form of the verb and our concept of time
a) absolute -> past, present, future
b) relative -> a) happening at the same time – saying goodbye he left b) preceding – having finished

Simple tenses:
a) simple present – distinction between the 3rd person singular
b) simple past – no distinction

ad a)
1) unrestricted use – verbs expressing state
 – universal statements/truths

Státní zkouška z anglické filologie – morfologie a syntax

Adjectives and adverbs: formal, semantic and functional properties (typical suffixes; comparison, gradable and non-gradable; inflectional and periphrastic; suppletive forms, adjectives and adverbs identical in forms, syntactic roles of adverbials (adjuncts, disjuncts, subjuncts, conjuncts)

Státnice anglická filologie – morfologie a syntax (basic units of linguistic analysis in morphology and syntax)

Animacy and gender: degree of grammaticalization in English and in Czech (parts of speech reflecting animacy/gender; natural, grammatical gender; personification, marking gender, political correctness)